A Capital Blog

Editor’s Note: Our student assistants have been working on compiling lists of collections with material pertaining to various historical research topics. This guide was completed in summer 2011 by Nataly Garzon. Please visit our Research Guides page for other topics.

This guide is not an exhaustive list of every Cold War-related document in our collections. It spotlights specific material you may find useful and shows you what types of documents you can expect to find. Names in italics are collection names. Please see our Collections and Finding Aids page for more information on these collections. See Part 1.

Cold War Research Guide, Part 2

Arms Race

Fritz Hollings, Box 110
* Memorandum on Anti-Ballistic Missile
*Constituent letters concerning ABM Defense System, 1969

Hollings, Box 204
* Report on International Security and Arms Export Act of 1975
* CRS Brief, “Soviet Defense Expeditions and the U.S. Defense Debate”

Hollings, Box 223
* Statement by Senators Nunn and Bartlett, “NATO’s Conventional Deficiencies Invite Soviet Attack”
* Constituent letters

Hollings, Box 291, Reports from the Foreign Affairs Research Institute on space battle
stations and revising the ABM Treaty

Communism Scare

Olin D. Johnston, Box 41
* Constituent letters concerning McCarthy, 1954-1958
* McCarthyism Propaganda

Johnston, Box 117, Numerous briefs on outlawing the Communist Party; the U.S. Communist Party; Communist problems in Latin America; HUAC hearings; and Communists in the labor movement, education, churches; etc., 1940s-1950s

Robert Ashmore, Box 2
* Constituent letters concerning Ashmore’s claim that Communism was infiltrating the American way of life and Ashmore’s attack on protestant minister’s and educators, 1958
* Variety of anti-communist propaganda distributed within the United States in the 1950s
* 1951 House Report on the spread of Communism in the American way of life

Joseph Bryson, Box 2
* House Un-American Activities Committee, summary of activities in 1949
* Bryson bill, H.R. 3290: A bill to outlaw the Communist Party in America
* Bryson speech, “Communist Threat to American Way of Life”
* Second attempt to outlaw Communist Party, H.R. 1037, 1952

 European Aid

Olin D. Johnston, Box 11, Papers related to Congressional trip to Europe in 1947

Johnston, Box 14
* Constituent letters on the Emergency Relief Program for Europe and adoption of the Marshall Plan, 1948
* Briefs from House Committee on Foreign Aid, 1948, including East European economy in relation to the European Recovery Program, inflation and financing a foreign aid program, transportation and its effects on the European Recovery Program, etc.

Johnston, Box 18
* Report: “Knowledge of the Marshall Plan in Europe: France” 1949
* Briefs on topics including aid to non-Communist China, Chinese Communist Movement, trade with China, devaluation and European recovery, and the North Atlantic Treaty
* Testimony re. the North Atlantic Pact to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 1949
* Constituent letters, 1949

Joseph Bryson, Box 2, Bryson speech in response to Berlin Airlift

NATO

Fritz Hollings, Box 135
* Constituent letters re. Mansfield Amendment (ceiling of 150,000 personnel in W Europe
* Hollings speech in favor of Mansfield Amendment
* Report by Department of Defense on the status of the U.S.-European commitment

Hollings, Box 261
* Speech by Senator Henry Jackson on SALT at the North Atlantic Assembly
* North Atlantic Assembly, minutes of Military Committee and other committees, 1979-80
* Report by Committee on Foreign Relations, “SALT and the NATO Allies,” Oct. 1979

Hollings, Box 272, five folders of constituent letters about NATO and SALT II, 1979-80

Hollings, Box 291
* Report by Senator Sam Nunn to Committee on Armed Services, May 1982
* Briefs on NATO’s industrial mobilization capability and the U.S.’s defense industrial base and structural disarmament of the West, 1981

Hollings, Box 330
* Constituent letters, 1984
* Hollings Speech, 1983

Nuclear Disarmament and SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

Olin D. Johnston, Box 88, Five folders of constituent letters re. Nuclear Test Ban Agreement, 1963

Butler Derrick, Box 13, Constituent correspondence to presence of SALT II on the floor of the Senate

Fritz Hollings, Box 101
* Committee on Foreign Relations reports supporting ratification of Non-Proliferation Treaty
* White House submission of Treaty, includes letters from Johnson and Secretary Rusk
* Remarks of President upon signing the Non-Proliferation Treaty in the East Room

Hollings, Box 122
* Constituent letters re. Non-Proliferation Treaty that Hollings voted against, 1969
* Committee on Foreign Relations report, “The Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons”
* Hollings Speech on Non-Proliferation Treaty
* Report on SALT with a timeline of negotiations from 1964 to 1970

Hollings, Box 149
* Hollings floor statement against signing SALT; believed it would lead to Soviet military superiority, 1972; several more floor speeches/statements opposing the interim agreement
* Hollings floor speech on his bill, S. J. Res. 241, “A joint resolution authorizing the President to approve an interim agreement between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R”
* Constituent correspondence concerning SALT
* White House fact sheet on SALT and report on the U.S. Arms Control Agency

Hollings, Box 175
* Agreement between the USSR and the U.S. of America on the Prevention of Nuclear War
* Comprehensive Test ban Treaty: June 13, 1972
* Briefs on test ban campaign timeline, U.S. security issues in European border control, etc.
* Constituent letters concerning SALT, 1973-74
* Speech by Strom Thurmond on SALT and Defense, Dec. 16, 1974
* SALT Issue Brief
* Federation of American Scientists comment on SALT Agreement
* White House Press Secretary, Joint U.S.-Soviet Statement, Nov. 24, 1974

Hollings, Box 261
* Statement by Hollings on SALT II and the Budget Resolution Amendment, Aug. 3, 1979
* Hollings proposal, “Increase in U.S. Defense Budget by 3%,” and Carter letter in response
* Transcript of interview with Churchill on SALT II, Sept. 1, 1979
* Speeches on SALT II by Senator Sam Nunn, House of Lords member Chalfone, Colonel Marc Genest, Air Vice Marshal Steward of Great Britain, and General J.A. Graf Kielmansegg of West Germany

Hollings, Box 274
* Seven folders of constituent letters concerning SALT II
* Senate floor speech by Hollings opposing SALT II

Hollings, Box 291, Constituent letters concerning disarmament, 1981-82

Hollings, Box 330
* Nine folders of constituent letters concerning disarmament
* Hollings Speech, “Nuclear Arms”
* Briefs, “Soviet Treaty Violations of SALT II, the ABM Treaty and the Helsinki Accords” and “Soviet Charges of American Arms Control violations and American Charges of Soviet Arms Control Violations,” 1983-84

Hollings, Box 331
* Constituent letters concerning SALT II, 1983-84
* Briefs concerning USSR noncompliance, 1983-84
* Department of State Briefs concerning SALT II, 1978-79
* Press conference transcript, Director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1978

Hollings, Box 373
* Briefs on how SALT took shape, interpreting the ABM Treaty, conventional arms control in Europe, etc., 1988
* Hearing Transcript, Committee on Foreign Relations and Committee on the Judiciary: “Senate Consideration of the ABM Treaty in 1972 and Constitutional Consideration”

Hollings, Box 374
* Hollings letter and drafts to President asking him to stay in line with the ABM Treaty, Mar. 17, 1987
* Speeches on ABM and INF, including Hollings on Senate floor, 1987-88
* Minutes from meetings re. negotiating SALT Treaty, including Ambassador Smith and Minister Semenor, Dec 20, 1971; and USSR Diplomat Mr. Grinevsky and Dr. Raymond Garthoffm, Jan.-Feb. 1972
* Statements from Paul Nitze, Senator Sam Nun, and William Harns, 1987
* Meet the Press transcript with Ambassador Max Kampelman and Senator Dale Bumpers.
* Briefs from the State Department on ABM Treaty language, future arms systems, etc.
* INF Treaty brief, report from Senator Thurmond on discussion of INF issues with NATO commanders, related photographs and Site Maps

Kissinger

Fritz Hollings, Box 175, Constituent letters concerning Kissinger Appointment to Secretary of State, 1973

Hollings, Box 204
* Constituent letters concerning “Détente” and Henry Kissinger, 1976
* Speeches from 1975: “The Global Challenge and International Cooperation,” “The Moral Foundations of Foreign Policy,” and “The Global Consensus and Economic Development”
* Speeches from 1976: “Permanent Challenge of Peace: U.S. Policy Toward the Soviet Union” and “The Challenges of Africa”

US-USSR Relations

Butler Derrick, Box 17, Constituent letters about U.S. boycott of 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow as result of Afghanistan invasion

Fritz Hollings, Box 101, Consular Treaty 1967
* Constituent Response
* White House submission of Treaty with letters by Johnson and W. Averill Harriman
* Speech by Secretary of State Rusk
* Report on hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

Hollings, Box 148, Nixon Doctrine — Report by Nixon to Congress Feb 25, 1971: “U.S. Foreign Policy for the 1970s: Building for Peace” that lays out how to secure national and world interests

Hollings, Boxes 274-276
* Constituent letters on U.S.-USSR relations in general, 1979-80
* Documents related to the Grain Embargo and SALT II, including briefs concerning the Soviet Economy and Brezhnev warnings about European Missile Plans
* 1980 Olympic Games Study, “Public Attitudes Towards the 1980 Summer Olympics”

Hollings, Box 353
* Constituent letters on U.S.-USSR relations and Soviet downing of Korean 747 Airliner, 1983-84
* Speech by Hollings in response to President’s Speech on Korean 747 Airliner

Hollings, Box 353, Constituent letters, 1985

Editor’s Note: Our student assistants have been working on compiling lists of collections with material pertaining to various historical research topics. This guide was completed in summer 2011 by Nataly Garzon. Please visit our Research Guides page for other topics.

This guide is not an exhaustive list of every Cold War-related document in our collections. It spotlights specific material you may find useful and shows you what types of documents you can expect to find. Please see our Collections and Finding Aids page for more information on these collections. See Part 2.

Cold War Research Guide, Part 1

Afghanistan

Fritz Hollings, Box 272
* Letter from Hollings asking for a stronger policy concerning Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan, 1979
* Constituent responses to invasion, 1979-80
* Briefs concerning Afghanistan and the Olympics, Soviet Invasion, Soviet Embassy
perspective, direct and indirect aid, etc.

Hollings, Box 327, Constituent letters, 1983-84

Hollings, Box 352
* Briefs from the State Department, United Nations, etc., related to Afghanistan and the
following topics: Afghan freedom fighters, long-term occupation by Soviets, effect on
international peace and security, human rights, 1983-1985
* Constituent letters, 1985-86

Butler Derrick, Box 23
* Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1979
* Constituent letters concerning U.S. trade boycott with USSR, Afghanistan development,
SALT, and the Export Control Act (prohibited sale of goods and technology to USSR)

Cambodia and Vietnam

Fritz Hollings, Box 92:
* Constituent response to proposed amendment deferring students in four-year colleges
from the draft
* Individuals with personal questions regarding the draft
* Speeches, statements, Q&A, and media transcripts about the Armed Forces and
Vietnam by Hollings and others including the Secretary of Air Force, other high-level
military officials, and the State Department, 1966-68
* Research Reports on Vietnam by the Armed Forces (including on policy, propaganda,
public opinion, and the Geneva Agreements of 1954), 1967-68

Hollings, Box 97
* Constituent letters
* Speech on trade with communist nations

Hollings, Boxes 101-102, Constituent letters, 1966-1968

Hollings, Box 110
*Senator McIntyre’s support of the influx of forces in Cambodia and Vietnam and a
speech by Hollings in response
*Statements by Hollings calling for an end-of-involvement and depicting his opposition to
American actions in Cambodia.
* News releases by several Senators concerning actions in Cambodia.
* Extensive constituent correspondence concerning the draft.
* Constituent letters condemning actions of soldiers at My Lai

Hollings, Box 121, Constituent letters concerning Cambodia.

Hollings, Boxes 136-137
* Constituent letters concerning amnesty proposals, 1972
* Reports by Foreign Affairs Analysts and CRS about amnesty proposals
* Extensive constituent correspondence related to My Lai and the court martial of Lt. William Calley–some asking for punishment, a vast majority against punishment

Hollings, Boxes 149-150
* Constituent letters in response to conflict in general, bombing in North Vietnam, and
withdrawal plans, 1971-1972
* Reports on the human cost of Communism in Vietnam and a White House Report with a
Republic of Vietnam and U.S. proposal for a negotiated settlement
* Kissinger and Nixon press transcripts

Hollings, Box 163
* List of casualties incurred by U.S. military personnel in connection with the conflict in
Vietnam – South Carolina Deaths from Jan. 1, 1961 – Mar. 31, 1973.
* Constituent letters, 1973-74, and response from the Hollings office
* Statement of Secretary of Defense Elliot L. Richardson concerning appropriations, 1973
* Pamphlet: “Amnesty: What does it really mean?” by Rev. Robert Newton Barger

Hollings, Box 175
* Constituent letters concerning Cambodia, 1973
* Secret Senate Hearings before the Committee on Appropriations concerning U.S. Assistance to Cambodia, FY1973 and 1974

Hollings, Box 204
* Constituent response to Mayaguez (last official battle of the Vietnam War)
* Report from Strom Thurmond: “Remember the Mayaguez”
* Department of Defense Second Supplemental Appropriations, FY1975

Floyd Spence, Box 28
* Transcript of speech by President Nguyen Van Thieu – 1971
* Statement, Secretary of Defense Laird, Senate/House Armed Services committees
* Briefs on a variety of topics–Laos Operation, 1971; objectives in Vietnam and progress,
1970; lessons of Vietnam; Communist influences in demonstrations
* Statement by the “Government of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam concerning U.S.
Imperialists: serious escalation of the war against the D.R.V.N.”
* Official Photographs of Vietnam War Protests by United States Park Police

China

Fritz Hollings, Box 101, Hollings speech, “Shall we appease Communist China?” (1968,
post-Tet Offensive) and constituent responses to speech

Hollings, Box 148
* Constituent responses to Nixon’s closer relations with China and the possibility of
recognizing China as the legitimate government, 1971
* Hollings speech

Hollings, Box 175, Constituent letters, June 20, 1973 – Sept. 24, 1973

Hollings, Box 204
* China-U.S. Policy, report of Senator Jackson to Senate Armed Services Committee, 1974
* Constituent letters, 1975-76
* American MIA’s and the Chinese connection, legislative proposal by Senator Joe Biden.

Hollings, Box 236
* Constituent responses expressing worry about formal recognition of Red China and the
ending of a treaty with Taiwan
* National Assembly of China statement on Carter Decision to recognize the Chinese
Communist Regime, 1978
* Assistant Secretary of State memo on diplomatic relations with China and future
relations with Taiwan
* Amnesty International Briefing: “Taiwan (Republic of China)”

Hollings, Box 271
* Submission of bill by President Carter to maintain/promote relations with Taiwan, 1979
* Constituent letters

Hollings, Box 273
* Four folders of constituent letters
* Briefing Book, etc. on Hollings’ legislation to reaffirm commitment in Taiwan, S.245, and
similar legislation
* Briefs and reports from the Committee on Foreign Relations and the State Department

Hollings, Box 291
* Briefs on military aircraft sales to Taiwan and China-US-Soviet relations, 1981
* Press Release by Chinese Embassy, U.S Secretary of State Haig entertained in Beijing

Hollings, Box 328
* Constituent letters, 1983
* State Department brief on China – 1981

Hollings, Box 353, Constituent letters, 1986

Joseph Bryson, Box 2
* “Pro + Cons on the Use of National Troops Against Communist China,” 1951 report
* “U.S. Policy Toward Communist China,” 1951 brief

Butler Derrick, Box 12
* Constituent letters concerning mainland China/Taiwan issue, 1979
* H. 2912 passed by the SC General Assembly asking for continuing aid to Taiwan, as well
as provisions for their security and welfare, 1979
* Constituent letters concerning U.S. acknowledgement of the People’s Republic of China

Derrick, Box 29, Constituent letting asking Derrick to support H.J.R 253 which prohibited
a proposed sale of advanced radar and navigation technology to “Red China”

Olin D. Johnston, Box 18, Briefs on aid to non-Communist China, the Chinese Communist
Movement, and the Trade Agreement Program and Chinese imports

Johnston, Box 22, Constituent letters on Communist China, Mostly on recognition of the
“Red Regime in China,” 1949-50

Cuba

Olin D. Johnston, Box 82, Constituent letters concerning Cuban Missile Crisis and
Economic Blockade, 1961

Johnston, Box 88, Constituent letters concerning U.S. Actions/In-actions toward Cuba

Johnston, Box 100, Constituent letters concerning Cuba, 1962

Cypress / Greece / Turkey

Fritz Hollings, Box 175, McClellan amendment to end Turkish military assistance and
Hollings’ disagreement, 1974

Hollings, Box 204, Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale discussing Ford’s tilt away from
Greece and the White House request for aid to Turkey

Hollings, Box 236, Briefs on the Turkish-U.S. defense relationship; Greek Cypriot
refugees; Turkey’s role in NATO, and arms embargo from the perspective of Cyprus,
Turkey, and NATO; etc.

Olin D. Johnston, Box 11, Brief, “Greek – Turkish Aid Bill,” 1947, and related constituent
letters

 Joseph Bryson, Box 2, Need for Marshall Plan in order to stop Soviet spread, specifically
for the Korean War and for Greece and Turkey, 1951

El Salvador

Fritz Hollings, Box 328
* Documents on President’s worry of a Marxist takeover in El Salvador and suggested
policy strategy in response
* Briefs on various topics, including the El Salvadorian Presidential Election and elections
there in general, guerrilla lines in El Salvador, etc.

Korea

Fritz Hollings, Box 329, “Contingencies on the Korean Peninsula: Confrontation or Peaceful
Coexistence,” 1983 brief

Olin D. Johnston, Boxes 26 and 30, Constituent letters, 1951-52

Joseph Bryson, Box 2
* Need for Marshall Plan in order to stop Soviet spread, specifically
for the Korean War and for Greece and Turkey, 1951
* Briefs on the Korean War, 1951

Nicaragua

Fritz Hollings, Box 330
* Constituent letters, 1983-84
* Brief, discussion of compromise on U.S. Covert Aid to the Contras in Nicaragua, 1983
* Memorandum, Nicaragua Peace Initiatives to Honduras, 1983

Hollings, Box 373
* “Peace Agreement Between the Constitutional Government of Nicaragua and the
Nicaraguan Resistance,” 1987
* Briefs on Nicaragua and the U.S. Congress, Soviet equipment delivered to Nicaragua, and
benchmarks for Democracy in Nicaragua, 1987-88

Butler Derrick, Box 12, Constituent response to Sandinista seizure of power in Nicaragua
and the U.S. decision of non-intervention, 1979

Derrick, Box 26
* Derrick changed his mind and began to support the President’s economic sanctions
against Nicaragua and voted to provide aid to contras in Nicaragua. Derrick argues that
this new plan was vastly different from the one only a few months prior, 1985
* Constituent letters both in support and in opposition to his actions.

Derrick, Box 29, Former President Nixon speech, “The Case for Aid to the Contras”